The following is a companion piece to the Early Ulster County article that appeared in Flyer No. 31. Both were compiled to highlight the native industries that once flourished in the two namesake counties of the Ulster and Delaware Railroad. Over the years, the hard-fought battles to haul the freight have lost their visibility, overshadowed by the more romantic, but erroneous, belief that the U&D existed only to shuttle well-dressed city-folk to and from shady mountain retreats. The railroad certainly took delighted advantage of the summer tourist trade while it lasted, but the gritty job of hauling freight was an underlying necessity. Six railroads penetrated Delaware County. The Ulster and Delaware traversed its eastern edge, along a meandering path from Fleischmanns to West Davenport. The Delaware & Eastern later Delaware & Northern Railway skirted its southern boundary by following the course of the East Branch of the Delaware River between the villages of Arkville and East Branch. The New York, Ontario & Western Railway laid its rails through the heart of the county. From Cadosia, the O&W ran north to Walton and then hooked north-west into Sidney. Its Delhi Branch left the mainline at Walton to serve Delhi, the county seat. The Delaware & Hudson Company built less than ten miles of track in the north westernmost corner of the county in order to reach Sidney. The Erie Railroad entered Deposit from neighboring Broome County, then hugged the banks of the West Branch of the Delaware River, and the Pennsylvania state line, south to Hancock. In the far north, the Cooperstown & Charlotte Valley ventured up Charlotte Creek as far as Davenport Center. (Note: Only the most prominent industry-bearing or railroad-connected towns have been included.)

Background: Delaware County was formed in 1791 from parts of Ulster and Otsego counties. Despite being the largest county in the Catskill region, comprising an area of 1,440 square miles, Delaware is the least populated. In 1910, the county contained a population of 45,575. This figure had grown to only 46,824 by 1980. It was named for the river which had in turn been named in honor of Lord Delaware, governor of the Colony of Virginia. Crop and dairy farming became the county's main industry. In 1855, it was home to 7,448 farmers and by 1910, 5,232 farms were actively producing corn, oats, potatoes, rye, buckwheat, and various kinds of fruits and vegetables. At the turn of the century, Delaware County briefly led New York State in the production of cream. The "acid factories" which figured so prominently may be unfamiliar to some: Hardwood was destructively distilled in sealed retorts, to produce acetate of lime, wood alcohol, and charcoal.

(webmaster's note: where available, postcards illustrating the villages and hamlets named have been included on this page. Additional views will be added from time to time.)

Andes
Settled c1784. Terminus of the D&N's Andes Branch which opened for business in 1907 and was abandoned just eighteen years later. The town had two creameries. One was built by the railroad and the other, the Andes Cooperative Creamery, was built by local interests in 1915. Area dotted by cauliflower farms. 1910 pop: 414.

Apex
On West Branch of Delaware River and the O&W. Originally known as Cadosia Summit. 1910 pop: 75.

Arena
On the D&N. First named Lumberville. The word arena is Latin for "sand" and the town was renamed for the area's sand quarries. Had a barrel stave factory. The Risley Lumber Company maintained a saw mill here to supply its large wood acid and lumber operation in Rock Rift. The butter produced by an Arena dairyman won first prize at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair. A creamery was built by the railroad. This was later bought by local citizens and became the "Arena Creamery Company." Site now beneath Pepacton Reservoir. 1910 pop: 200.

Arkville
This area was settled in 1792 and was originally called Dean's Corners. At the junction of the Ulster & Delaware and the Delaware & Northern railroads. An acid plant, bought by George I. Treyz in 1898, was located near the junction. It was sold to the Luzerne Chemical Company in 1905. As the Arkville Chemical Company, the factory was out of business by 1916. Served by the D&N. Elevation: 1,372 ft. 1910 pop: 430.

Beerston
On the West Branch of the Delaware River and the O&W. The wood acid plant here was built in 1888 by the Walton Acetate Company. By 1910, the factory was operated by Messrs. Brandt and Sherman. It later passed into the hands of the Quinn family. When the plant was demolished in 1924, it had been operating under the name of the Beerston Acetate Company. The town also had a bluestone yard and a creamery. The area is now beneath the waters of Cannonsville Reservoir. 1910 pop: 150.

Bloomville
On the West Branch of the Delaware River and the U&D. Center of a highly productive dairy district. Bloomville's Sheffield milk facility contained the first milk pasteurization plant built in the country. Elevation: 1,493 feet. 1910 pop: 350.

Bovina
Settled in 1792. Town named in honor of the farm animal that supplied the area's dairy industry. Cauliflower farms. 1910 pop: 25.

Burnwood
On Campbell Brook, south of Peakville, a station stop on the O&W. Settlement's name was derived from the basic function of the wood acid plant that was located here. It was operated by a Mr. Buckley from 1888 to 1898 and later became the Brandt Chemical Company. 1910 pop: 75.

Butternut Grove
West of Cooks Falls and east of Horton, on the O&W. Acid plant built here by Eugene King burned in June 1888, was rebuilt, and was later bought by local entrepreneur, George I. Treyz. Railroad suspension bridge constructed in 1911 by John A. Roebling's Sons Company of Trenton, NJ to connect Treyz's acid factory, saw mill, and planing mill on Russell Brook to the O&W, which ran on the other side of the Beaver Kill. Treyz's narrow gauge railroad traveled five miles up Russell Brook to harvest timber and to serve the above complex. The bridge could not support the weight of the gasoline-powered engines, so horses were used to pull the cars across. Treyz's Russell Brook facilities closed in 1925. Another enterprise, the Cook's Falls Dye Works, was located about halfway up Russell Brook along the narrow gauge railroad by Treyz's friend, Dr. Hans Bruning. This company supplied most of the khaki dye used for uniforms during World War I and closed down during the late 1940s.

Cadosia
On the East Branch of the Delaware River and the O&W. The Thomas Keery Company acid factory and wood alcohol refinery was sited about three miles north of town on Cadosia Creek. Later added a formaldehyde plant. All closed in 1945. The refinery and formaldehyde-making equipment was salvaged by the George I. Treyz Company to upgrade its acid complex at Horton. Also home to the Cadosia Manufacturing Company. Its turning mill produced flag poles and scrub brush blocks. Anthracite coal storage yard for O&W. 1910 pop: 500.

Cat Hollow
Area dotted by bluestone quarries. Active shipping point for stone along the route of the D&N.

Chiloway (a/k/a Chilaway and Chilloway)

On the Beaver Kill between Horton and Peakville, a flagstop on the O&W. Shipping center for logs needed at the nearby acid factories. 1910 pop: 50.

Colchester
On the East Branch of the Delaware River between Shinhopple and Downsville. On the D&N. Town founded in 1766 by Russel Gregory. 1910 pop: 40.

Cooks Falls
On the Beaver Kill west of Roscoe and east of Horton, along the O&W. A large bluestone dock and creamery were located near the station. This town served as the headquarters for the multi-faceted George I. Treyz Company. The wood alcohol, finished lumber, charcoal, and acetate of lime produced by his complex on Russell Brook at Butternut Grove across the river, were shipped from here. 1910 pop: 401.

Corbett
Originally known as Campbell's Flats. On the East Branch of the Delaware River and the D&N between Gregorytown to the west and Downsville to the east. Wood acid factory and mill town built by the firm of Corbett & Stuart in 1912, said to be the largest acid plant ever built. It closed in February 1934. The complex contained a saw mill that was capable of producing 40,000 feet of lumber a day. This mill remained in operation until 1948. The Corbett & Stuart facility maintained three miles of rail sidings. A Shay locomotive was used to switch the plant. The settlement also hosted the Johnson & Rhodes Bluestone Company.

Davenport
On Charlotte Creek east of Oneonta and west of Stamford, on the U&D. The town was named in honor of John Davenport (1597-1670), an influential Puritan clergyman from New Haven, CT. A large percentage of Delaware County's early residents came from Connecticut. Hops were grown in this area. 1910 pop: 401.

Delancey
West of Delhi and east of Walton. Originally called Lansingville. O&W milk receiving station. The local McDermott Dairy Company creamery was later bought by Sheffield Farms. 1910 pop: 202.

Delhi
On the West Branch of the Delaware River north of Walton and south of Stamford. Settled before 1797. Delhi is the seat of Delaware County. Home to the Delaware Academy, founded in 1820 (now operating as Delhi State College). By 1824, the Delaware Woolen Factory Company was processing the raw wool obtained from area sheep farms into fabric. Other town industries included a wagon works, a silk mill, feed mills, a sugar refinery, a lumber company, a Cooperative Dairy creamery, and a Borden's creamery, all situated within walking distance of the station. It has been said that more milk and cream were shipped from the Delhi (O&W) depot than from any other single station in the country. 1910 pop: 1,736.

Denver
On the Batavia Kill northeast of Kelly Corners on the road to Vega. Large dairy farms, pastureland, and some summer boarding houses. Local area was logged and there was a saw mill here.

Deposit
On the West Branch of the Delaware River and the Erie Railroad. Settled in 1785, incorporated in 1811. Ground was broken here for the New York & Erie Railroad (predecessor to the Erie) on November 7, 1835. Deposit developed around the logging industry. Logs were concentrated here, hence its original name, "Port Deposit", and then lashed together to form "rafts." These rafts, usually measuring fifty feet wide by 100 feet long, were floated down the Delaware River to be marketed in Philadelphia. Log rafting reached its peak in 1875 when 3,000 rafts made the trip. 1910 pop: 1,864.

Downsville
On the D&N, at the east end of what would become Pepacton Reservoir. The village hosted a shingle mill, a grist mill, and a large bluestone quarry. Its creamery, built by the D&N, was eventually sold to Breakstone Brothers. 1910 pop: 550.

Dunraven
On the D&N, west of Margaretville at the east end of Pepacton Reservoir. Had a creamery that was most likely built by the railroad soon after its completion. Local area farms dedicated to the growing of cauliflower. 1910 pop: 101.

East Branch
Founded at the confluence of the East Branch of the Delaware River and the Beaver Kill. At the junction of the O&W and the D&N railroads. A foundry, a saw mill, and an excelsior mill (a facility that produced wood shavings used as packing material) were located here. Shipping point for bluestone, lumber, and area wood chemical industry products. Later the site of a Socony Oil branch station which stored oil, gasoline, and kerosene in aboveground tanks. 1910 pop: 301.

East Meredith
On the U&D. Site (1912) of the famous Merridale Farms, a 1,500-acre dairy farm. Home to the c1820 Hanford's Mills complex which contained a saw mill, a grist mill, and a turning mill. It has been preserved as a museum. Elevation: 1,353 feet. 1910 pop: 301.

Elk Brook (or "Elkbrook")
On the Beaver Kill west of Horton and east of Peakville, along the route of the O&W. Site of a wood acid plant operated by the Arthur Leighton Company. It closed in 1926. Large bluestone dock. 1910 pop: 201.

Fish's Eddy
On the East Branch of the Delaware River and the O&W. Embarkation point for early log-rafting down the Delaware River to Philadelphia markets. Contained two wood acid factories. The "upper" plant, located about two miles south of the settlement on Fish Creek, in an area now known as "Luzerne", was built by George I. and Gottlieb H. Treyz. It was sold in 1905 to the Luzerne Chemical Company and continued in business until about 1932. The other acid plant was built in the village and was operated by the Thomas Keery Company. It closed in 1922. Bluestone, lumber, tan bark, and railroad ties were also shipped out of Fish's Eddy on the O&W. 1910 pop: 225.

Fleischmanns
On the U&D west of Highmount and east of Arkville. Formerly called Griffin's Corners and then Fleischmann's Siding. A native of Cincinnati, Charles F. Fleischmann had already made his fortune from the yeast and gin trade when he built a magnificent estate here in 1883. Fleischmann ushered his distinguished guests over the U&D in the comfort of his own private railroad car which was switched to a siding when not in use. Charles (who would become a U.S. senator), and relatives, Julius, and Louis Fleischmann (the latter being the "Vienna Bread" king and New York City restauranteur), greatly contributed to the growth of the village, both financially and socially. Site (1893) of the Kaufman Dairy and Ice Cream Company creamery. Elevation: 1,519 feet. 1910 pop: 201.

Franklin
South of Oneonta on Ouleout Creek. Had a large creamery with an ice house, and a paper mill. Most likely shipped out of the town of Franklin Depot (Franklin on the O&W) just a few miles to the southwest. Site of the Delaware Literary Institute founded in 1835. 1910 pop: 473.

Fraser
On the West Branch of the Delaware River, southwest of Delhi and northeast of Delancey. A flagstop on the O&W's Delhi Branch. Depot name, Frasers. Large O&W milk receiving station. Had a creamery.

Grand Gorge
Formerly Moresville after John More, the first European settler to enter the area in 1786. Current name derived from the defile between Irish Mountain on the east and Bald Mountain on the west, at the headwaters of the East Branch of the Delaware River. The Ulster & Delaware Railroad passed through this notch. Dairy district and tourist haven. Elevation: 1,563 feet. 1910 pop: 251.

Halcott(s)ville
On the East Branch of the Delaware River, south of Roxbury and north of Kelly Corners. On the U&D. Farm and dairy area. Had a creamery. Around 1907, the U&D built a huge ice house along the shore of Lake Wawaka, and was reported to be planning to use the boiler of recently-scrapped Engine 16 to power it. Elevation: 1,403 feet. 1910 pop: 120.

Hale Eddy
On the east bank of the Delaware River southeast of Deposit and northwest of Hancock. On the Erie Railroad. Had an acid plant. 1910 pop: 200.

Hamden
On the West Branch of the Delaware River, east of Walton and west of Delhi and Delancey. Along route of O&W which maintained a large milk receiving station here. Borden's built a condensed milk plant in 1910. Village also hosted the CoOperative Creamery. 1910 pop: 375.

Hancock
At the confluence of the East and West branches of the Delaware River. On the Erie and O&W railroads. O&W had a milk station here. 1910 pop: 1,329.

Harpersfield
Founded in 1771 by Colonel John Harper of Albany, three years after buying a large tract of land (100,000 acres) from the local Minisink (or "Delaware") Indians. By the early 1880s, this town contained five grist mills, two foundries, five saw mills, and four cooperages, but was by-passed by the U&D. Elevation: 1,752 ft. 1910 pop: 50.

Harvard
On the East Branch of the Delaware River, west of Shinhopple and east of Centerville. On the D&N. Wood acid factory built in 1890 on Baxter Brook by Corbett & Stuart. Factory closed in 1910. Also had a saw mill. 1910 pop: 100.

Hawley (Railroad name, Hawleys)
On the West Branch of the Delaware River, southwest of Hamden and east of Colchester. A flagstop on the O&W's Delhi Branch. Had a creamery and a saw mill.

Hobart
Formerly Waterville. On the West Branch of the Delaware River, southwest of Stamford and northeast of Bloomville. On the U&D. Had a grist mill by 1790. By the late 1880s, Hobart was shipping an average of 150 cans of milk to New York City each day. Local residents harvested maple sap and processed it into syrup. Elevation: 1,637 feet. 1910 pop: 544.

Horton
At the confluence of Horton Brook and the Beaver Kill, east of East Branch and west of Roscoe. On the O&W. George I. Treyz and L. A. Treyz built an acid factory here in 1898 to produce charcoal and methanol. The firm owned 25,000 acres of woodland in this general area to supply it. The plant burned in 1925 but was rebuilt. A formaldehyde facility was added. Under the management of "Treyz & Smith," the complex closed in 1949 after the formaldehyde plant burned. The remaining buildings were sold to the Susquehanna Chemical Company who operated the plant and produced charcoal until 1967, the last acid factory to operate in New York State. 1910 pop: 100.

Hubbell Corners
On the East Branch of the Delaware River, north of Roxbury and south of More Settlement. On the U&D. Farm and dairy district.

Kaufmans
South of Andes on the Tremper Kill. Flagstop on the D&N. Had a creamery.

Kelly Corners (or Kelly's Corners)
At the junction of East Branch of the Delaware River and the Batavia Kill, north of Margaretville and south of Halcottville. On the U&D. Extensive dairy farming area. Had a creamery. Harvested ice from local ponds. Elevation: 1,380 feet. 1910 pop: 90.

Kerryville (or Keeryville or Kerrys)
South of Piersons and north of Cadosia on Cadosia Creek. Site of first acid factory in Delaware County, built in 1876 by Abraham and Thomas Keery. This plant burned sixty cords of wood a day to make charcoal. A refinery was added later to produce 99% wood alcohol. (One cord of wood yielded an average of fifty bushels of charcoal, ten gallons of alcohol, and 200 pounds of acetate of lime.) The entire facility closed in 1930.

Kortright (or Kortright Station)
On the U&D north of Bloomville and southeast of Oneonta. Named for the Indian fighter, Captain Benjamin Kortright. Extensive dairy region. Elevation: 1,868 feet. 1910 pop: 125.

Linden
On the East Branch of the Delaware River, north of East Branch and southwest of Harvard. On the D&N and originally known as "Centerville." Site of an acid factory operated by Corbett & Stuart.

Lordville
On the Delaware River, south of Hancock and north of Long Eddy. On the Erie Railroad. Named for Eleazor Lord of Piermont, NY, who created the idea for and acted as the first president of the New York and Erie Railroad (the ERR's founding entity). 1910 pop: 200.

Margaretville
On the East Branch of the Delaware River, at the northeastern end of Pepacton Reservoir. Area settled by Huguenots (French) as early as 1763. Located on the D&N, Margaretville was the site of its engine terminal, yards, and shops. The Kaufman Dairy and Ice Cream Company creamery operated here in 1893. Another local creamery, built by a Mr. Jordan, was bought by Arthur Brundage and Hosea Barnhart and renamed the "B&B Cream-ery." This facility was later taken over by the Dairymen's League. Cauliflower farms. Elevation: 1,320 feet. 1910 pop: 669.

Masonville
South of Sidney, north of Deposit, east of Bainbridge, and west of Walton. Had a grist mill, a saw mill, and a planing mill. 1910 pop: 350.

Methol
On Trout Brook south of Peakville. As the settlement's name suggests, wood alcohol factories were its reason for being. The first plant was built by Messrs. Hammond and Fish to produce methanol and acetate. Another factory was operated by the "Acid King," the Arthur Leighton Company, from 1890 to 1912. 1910 pop: 50.

New Kingston
On the Plattekill River east of Andes, west of Halcottville, and north of Dunraven. Had a cider mill c1875. Harvested sap for maple syrup. Area known for growing cauliflower. 1910 pop: 90.

Northfield
Southeast of Sidney and northwest of Walton. First known as North Walton, its name was changed after the coming of the railroad. General site of the steep grade (created by the Delaware and Susquehanna river watersheds) that was originally conquered by the O&W's "Zig Zag" switchbacks, later replaced by the Northfield Tunnel. Had a milk receiving station and a bluestone dock. 1910 pop: 100.

Peakville
On the Beaver Kill, east of East Branch and west of Elk Brook and Horton. Called Trout Brook on the O&W. There were two acid factory complexes here. The first, or "upper," plant was located about a mile south of town along Trout Brook creek. This facility was operated by Corbett & Stuart between 1894 and 1928. The second, or "lower," acid plant was built by C. W. Peake in 1898 and was nearly adjacent to the O&W's mainline. This plant also contained a saw mill. The Peake family further increased its income by gathering and selling native ferns. The lower acid factory ceased operations in 1934. Had an extensive bluestone yard and was an active shipping point for same. 1910 pop: 200.

Pepacton
On the D&N between Downsville and Shavertown. Had a creamery that was later leased to the Borden Milk Company. Still later, it was bought by Messrs. Barnhart and Brundage and became the B&B Creamery. Site of town now beneath the waters of Pepacton Reservoir. 1910 pop: 25.

Pines
Located on the West Branch of the Delaware River, north of Beerston and south of Walton. Known as "Pine's Switch" on the O&W. Site of Bartlett Brothers saw mill and its Pine Glen Railroad, a logging road built up Pine's Brook. Lumber and bluestone shipping point.

Piersons
On Cadosia Creek and the O&W south of Apex and north of Cadosia. Site of a large saw mill owned by the Pierson family.

Readburn
West of Linden and north of East Branch. Hosted the Tyler & Hall Chemical Company's wood acid plant, established in 1886. Products were transported by wagon to Fish's Eddy and shipped out on the O&W. This acid factory closed in 1920. There is little left of the town today. 1910 pop: 200.

Rock Rift
On the West Branch of the Delaware River, south of Walton. On the O&W. Elaphiet DeNio operated an early acid factory here. A saw mill and an extensive lumber yard were located just west of the station. This was owned by the Risley Lumber Company, headquartered in Walton. The company later diversified by building an acid plant that produced charcoal, acetate of lime, and wood alcohol. Also was a shipping point for bluestone. The O&W maintained a milk station here. Parts of the town are now beneath the waters of Cannonsville Reservoir. 1910 pop: 200.

Roxbury
Located between Grand Gorge and Halcottville, on the East Branch of the Delaware River. On the U&D. Hometown of John Burroughs, the naturalist, and birthplace of Jay Gould, the financier and railroad magnate. Summer retreat and dairy region. The first fluid milk creamery in the area was financed here by Samuel Coykendall of the Ulster & Delaware, who also rain a paint factory for a period. Delaware Valley Creamery and a feed mill were sited here. Elevation: 1,495 feet. 1910 pop: 499.

Shavertown
On the D&N. Home to an excelsior factory. An acid plant was built in 1916-17 by the Merritt brothers, local lumbermen. Operations ended within a few years. The Hulbert Creamery was in business before the railroad arrived. The D&N later replaced this facility with its own. Another creamery, the Dan Franklin, was built here in 1920 and eventually became part of the Dairymen's League. Area known for growing cauliflower. Site of town now beneath Pepacton Reservoir. 1910 pop: 125.

Shinhopple
Village east of Harvard and west of Downsville, on the East Branch of the Delaware River and the D&N. The firm of Finch & Ross built an acid factory on the opposite side of Trout Brook, about one mile from the station. It was later sold to L. B. Corbett, a nephew of Julius Corbett of Corbett & Stuart. Shipped bluestone. 1910 pop: 26.

Sidney
First known as Sidney Plains" On the Susquehanna River, west of Unadilla and east of Bainbridge. On the O&W and the D&H railroads. The Sidney Silk Mill was founded here in 1893. It was later taken over by the Julius Kayser Company. Some of Sidney's other employers were the Cortland Cart and Carriage Company (whose building was subsequently used by the Hatfield Automobile Company), a foundry, a paper mill, a glass works, cigar factories, a knitting mill, a sash and blind company, and bluestone quarries. The French Cheese Company was established in 1901, the only French-run facility in this country to make Brie and Camembert cheeses. It became the Phoenix Cheese Factory in 1906. The O&W had built a creamery here in 1896. Sidney also served as a distribution point for anthracite coal on both the O&W and D&H. 1910 pop: 2,507.

South Kortright
On the West Branch of the Delaware River and the U&D, southwest of Hobart and northeast of Bloomville. The area was settled by immigrants from Scotland and Ireland. Rich dairy region. Elevation: 1,527 feet. 1910 pop: 101.

Stamford
Founded near the headwaters of the West Branch of the Delaware River by former residents of Stamford, CT. On the U&D, west of Grand Gorge and northwest of Hobart. Extremely popular resort village. Elevation: 1,790 feet. 1910 pop: 973.

Stratton Falls
On the East Branch of the Delaware River and the U&D, north of Halcottville and south of Roxbury. Dairy district. Elevation: 1,456 feet.

Trout Creek
Village located on Trout Creek, north of Rock Royal, east of Masonville, and west of Walton. A "dry milk" plant operated here. 1910 pop: 151.

Tyler's
On the East Branch of the Delaware River between Fish's Eddy and Cadosia. Referred to as Tyler's Switch on the O&W. During the late 1880s or early 1890s, the Thomas Keery Company built a small wood acid plant in nearby Tar Hollow. It was later sold to the Arthur Leighton Company who ran it for twenty years. Logs were shipped from Tyler's to fuel a downstate brick works. Very active blue-stone trade.

Union Grove
Between Arena and Shavertown on the D&N. Primarily a farming area, small saw and planing mills were built by the locals to add to their income. Site of town is now beneath Pepacton Reservoir. 1910 pop: 201.

Walton
On the West Branch of the Delaware River, southwest of Delhi, northeast of Deposit, and southeast of Sidney. On the O&W. This agricultural and dairy region was settled c1785 by people from Long Island. In the 1830s, Josiah Jones established a furniture factory whose tables, chests, and desks, constructed of highly desirable cherry, were sold in Philadelphia. This business faded after only ten years. Walton was incorporated in 1851. Two years later, it became the home of the Walton Academy. The Ogden Woolen Mill was operating before the start of the Civil War. In 1900, the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company built a plant that was later bought by Borden's, who, at the time, had its own milk condensary in Walton. The latter was eventually sold to Sheffield Farms. Founded in 1901, the Munn Piano Factory manufactured "Old Delaware Beauty" pianos. Out of business by 1919, its buildings were converted to silk production by the Julius Kayser Company of Sidney. The Walton Novelty Works made toys, sleds, and baby carriages from 1876 until the 1930s. This bustling town also contained a foundry, machine shops, feed mills, a saw mill and lumber yard, bakeries, leather factories, a bluestone quarry, and the Tobey & Warner Tannery. 1910 pop: 3,103.

Youngs
East of Sidney. Site of an O&W milk receiving station, a Borden's milk plant, a local creamery, and a farm supply and feed dealer. 1910 pop: 115.

Sources:

Adams, Arthur G.— The Catskills, An Illustrated Historical Guide with Gazetteer. New York, NY: Fordham University Press, 1990.

Archer, Harry D. — The Damn Nuisance, Story Of The Delaware and Northern Railway, 1905 to 1942. (Place of publication, name of publisher, and date of publication are not given; believed to be self-published about 1972.)

A Descriptive Review Of The Commercial, Industrial, Agricultural, and Historical Development Of The State Of New York. Chicago, ILL: George F. Cram, 1914.

Delaware County Historical Association. — Two Stones For Every Dirt, The Story of Delaware County, New York. Fleischmanns, NY: Purple Mountain Press, Ltd., 1987.

Helmer, William F. — O. & W. The Long Life and Slow Death of the New York, Ontario & Western Railway. Berkeley, CA: Howell-North Press, 1959.

Mohowski, Robert E. — The New York, Ontario & Western Railway and the Dairy Industry in Central New York State. Laurys Station, PA: Garrigues House, Publishers, 1995.

Myers, III, Frank Daniel— The Wood Chemical Industry In The Delaware Valley. Middletown, NY: Prior King Press, 1986.

The Catskill Mountains. Issued by the Passenger Department of The Ulster & Delaware Railroad Company. Copyrighted 1894, Re-Issued 1912.

The Official National Survey Maps and Guide for New York. Chester, VT: The National Survey Company, 1925.

Van Loan's Catskill Mountain Guide. New York, NY: Rogers & Sherwood, 1893.

Wakefield, Manville B.— To The Mountains by Rail. Grahamsville, NY: Wakefair Press, 1970.

Editor's Note: Since Sue prepared the above article, another outstanding reference has become available, as our member Michael Kudish has published his monumental "The Catskill Forest: a History " (Fleischmanns, Purple Mountain Press, 2000), which contains a lengthy appendix of forest- and mineral-related industries within the Catskill Park. We expect to publish a review in an early issue of the Flyer.